工程陶瓷小孔超声振动钻削的理论探讨

通过对超声振动钻削的运动学分析 ,推导了临界钻削速度的计算公式 ,并分析了超声振动钻削提高孔径质量的机理。     

CMOS器件p、γ、β辐照损伤等效剂量分析计算

建立了CMOS电子元器件中质子、电子和光子辐照损伤 (电子 空穴对和离位原子浓度 )计算模型。利用微机化的电子 光子簇射过程模拟程序EGS4和TRIM程序分别计算了电子 ( β)、光子 (γ)和质子 ( p)辐照在CMOS器件各层中产生的电子 空穴对和离位原子浓度。计算结果表明 ,在CMOS器件桥结绝缘层中 ,电子产生的电子 空穴对和离位原子浓度最高 ,光子次之 ,质子最低 ,这表明电子辐照损伤最高 ,光子次之 ,质子最小。     

Degradation of polyimide induced by nitrogen laser irradiation

The degradation behavior of polyimide (PMDA-ODA) induced by nitrogen laser irradiation was studied. The changes in the surface morphology and the composition of the irradiated polyimide films were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. The initial reaction was achieved by photochemical degradation of polyimide in the highly electronic excited state by the absorption of a second 337 nm photon. Atmospheric oxygen sequentially reacted with the produced radicals to form a highly oxidized layer. The formation of carbonyl group was enhanced by the heat remaining on the irradiated polyimide film surfaces.     

γ辐射对PP/SBS的流变性能和内耗的影响

研究了一系列不同含量的ＳＢＳ与聚丙烯的共混物的辆射硫化效应。辐照一定剂量后，由于辐射交联和裂解的进行，使ＰＰ／ＳＢＳ的流变性能和结构及内耗行为发生大的变化，ＰＰ与ＳＢＳ两者玻璃化转变温度距离变小，从而改善了ＰＰ／ＳＢＳ的相容性。ＰＰ和ＳＢＳ在辐射引发自由基的情况下，分散相ＳＢＳ形成交联结构，连续相ＰＰ发生裂解，体系的表观粘度下降，但ＰＰ的玻璃化转变激活能仍然提高了。     

Ultrasonic absorption and visco-relaxation study of poly(vinyl alcohol) aqueous solution. (A method for the determination of molecular weight)

Ultrasonic absorption and velocity measurements are reported on aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PV-OH) of different molecular weights and concentrations obtained using a pulsed ultrasonic apparatus operating at 2 MHz and 303 K. The variations in these parameters as a function of concentration are interpreted in terms of changes in the magnitude of the contribution due to relaxation of the backbone and of the side chain acetyl groups. The results show an increase in velocity, density and viscosity with increase in molecular weight and concentration of PV-OH. In contrast the attenuation values decrease with increase in molecular weight. This suggests that interaction is occurring between PV-OH and water molecules. Deviation of the variation of the attenuation with concentration from the ‘ideal’ dilute solution behaviour at high concentration is ascribed to the effects of polymer-polymer interaction. The magnitude of the volume change associated with polymer-solvent interactions is estimated and discussed. A mathematical equation correlating the relaxation amplitude and the molecular weight of the polymer is suggested. This approach was applied to the calculation of the molecular weight of four unknown samples of PV-OH from their measured relaxation amplitudes. The results obtained agree well with those obtained from osmometry.     

Ultrasonic wave propagation in temperature gradients

Ultrasonic methods are being developed for sensing and control of high temperature material processes such as welding and solidification. One of the problems in these methods is the distortion of the sound field caused by the change in material properties due to temperature gradients. This paper describes a ray-tracing method for calculating the effects of temperature on ultrasonic propagation in such systems. In the ray-tracing method, the material is conceptually divided into a number of plane layers. The refraction at each layer boundary is calculated from Snell's law using the sound speeds determined from the temperatures of the adjacent layers. The time required for an ultrasonic pulse to traverse each layer is also calculated, allowing the determination of the total time along a particular path. The method is applied to calculating the time of arrival of echoes from various interfaces around a molten weld pool.     

Ultrasonic speeds and densities of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (viscosity grades 30 and 50×10−4 m · s−1) at 298.15, 303.15, and 308.15 K under high pressures

The ultrasonic speeds and densities of poly(dimethylsiloxane), viscosity grades 30 and 50×10^–4 m · s^–1 at 298.15 K, were measured at 298.15, 303.15, and 308.15 K. The measurements were carried out using new apparatuses, one for measurement of the speed under pressures up to 200 MPa and another for measurement of the density under pressures up to 100 MPa. The former is constructed with a sing-around technique of the fixed-path type operated at a frequency of 2 MHz, and the latter is a dynamic bellows piezometer. The probable uncertainty in the present results is within ±0.23% for speed and ±0.19% for density for all the experimental conditions. The ultrasonic speed in these fluids at first increases rapidly with pressure and then indicates a mild rise in the highpressure region. Similar pressure effects are observed for the density. The relationship between the speed and the density satisfied a first-order function well. The isentropic compressibility, derived from the speed and density, also showed a large pressure effect. The values and its pressure effects seemed almost independent of the viscosity of poly(dimethylsiloxane).     

Will consumers accept food irradiation?

Food irradiation technology has recently been developed and has already gained preliminary regulatory approval. This report discusses the potential of food irradiation and possible consumer reaction to its increased use.     

用于增强超声检测信号的分离谱处理性能分析

若干研究表明，分离谱处理方法是增强粗晶材料超声探伤信号的有效手段，但这种处理方法成功与否受诸如滤波器无中滤波器数等信号处理参数的影响，本文通过实验探讨了信号处理方式与参数的选取问题，实验数据取是奥氏体钢。     

超声波色差对二次谐波成像影响的研究

为了分析超声波中色差对二次谐波成像的影响,通过理论分析和仿真实验研究组织谐波成像中的色差问题.仿真结果显示,在有色差存在的情况下,二次谐波的能量产生主要集中在近场附近,谐波声束剖面与色差的基波相似,尽管二次谐波是在较深的深度产生的,它仍然会经历较大的色差,背散射声束在经过体壁传输时会使脉冲产生更严重的色差,并且随着频率的增加,非线性部分平滑振幅波动的能力减弱,从而使得色差幅度更严重.